Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39375300›Full record

ArticlePsychonomic bulletin & review2025

Printing words in alternating colors facilitates eye movements among young and older Chinese adults.

Jinger Pan, Aiping Wang, Mingsha Zhang, Yiu-Kei Tsang, Ming Yan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jinger PanDepartment of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-9867
Aiping WangFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Mingsha ZhangState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG, Division of Psychology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Yiu-Kei TsangDepartment of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Ming YanDepartment of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China. mingyan@um.edu.mo.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well known that the Chinese writing system lacks visual cues for word boundaries, such as interword spaces. However, characters must be grouped into words or phrases for understanding, and the lack of interword spaces can cause certain ambiguity. In the current study, young and older Chinese adults' eye movements were recorded during their reading of naturally unspaced sentences, where consecutive words or nonwords were printed using alternating colors. The eye movements of both the Chinese young and older adults were clearly influenced by this explicit word boundary information. Across a number of eye-movement measures, in addition to a general age-related slowdown, the results showed that both groups benefited overall from the explicit color-based word boundary and experienced interference from the nonword boundary. Moreover, the manipulations showed stronger effects among the older adults. We discuss implications for practical application.

Indexed as

AgingColor PerceptionEye MovementsPattern Recognition, VisualReadingAdultAgedChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAgingChineseReadingWord boundary

Identifiers

PMID39375300
PMCPMC12000219

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.