ArticleDiscover mental health2024
Validation of the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-J) to screen for depression and anxiety.
Article in Discover mental health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Performance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in four latin American countries: rethinking the dimensionality of the scale from the perspective of network psychometry.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026Article
- Pain-Related Smoking Expectancies Across Tobacco Product Use Patterns, Including Heated Tobacco Products: Psychometric Validation of the Japanese Pain and Smoking Inventory.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Presenteeism in working-age breast cancer survivors 1-5 years after surgery: relative contributions of treatment-related symptoms and modifiable factors.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and evaluation of a mental health recovery priority measure for cross-cultural research: global INSPIRE.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to validate the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-J). People in Japan, especially healthcare workers (HCWs) suffer from high rates of mental health symptoms. The PHQ-4 is an established ultra-brief mental health measure used in various settings, populations and languages. The Japanese version of the PHQ-4 has not been validated.
methodsTwo hundred eighty people in Japan (142 HCWs and 138 from the general public) responded to the PHQ-4-J. Internal consistency, and factorial validity were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models.
resultsInternal consistency was high (α = 0.70-0.86). CFA yielded very good fit indices for a two-factor solution (RMSEA = 0.04, 95% CI 0.00-0.17) and MIMIC models indicated the performance differed between HCWs and the general population.
conclusionsThe PHQ-4-J is a reliable ultra-brief scale for depression and anxiety in Japanese, which can be used to meet current needs in mental health research and practice in Japan. Disaster research and gerontology research can benefit from this scale, enabling mental health assessment with little participant burden. In practice, early detection and personalised care can be facilitated by using the scale. Future research should target specific populations in Japan during a non-emergency time.
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