ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2024
Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating Health Policy.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discretion and Variation in Drug‑Related Federally Assisted Housing Policies Across Public Housing Authorities in Overdose-Impacted Jurisdictions.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Target trial emulation: A practical framework for credible real-world evidence of healthcare interventions.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Optimizing the Postpartum Period to Support Lifelong Health for Women with Obesity.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Target Trial Emulation and the TARGET Guideline to Advance Rural and Remote Health Research.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Article
- Target trial emulation: bridging observational studies and randomized trials for health decision-making.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Causal Inference in Health Disparities Research.Annual review of public health · 2026Review
- The Ideal Trial: Defining Causal Estimands that Balance Relevance and Feasibility in Target Trial Emulations and Actual Randomized Trials.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Choosing an analytic approach: key study design considerations in state policy evaluation.Health services & outcomes research methodology · 2026Article
- Advancing equitable and sustainable urban health.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Transparent Reporting of Observational Studies Emulating a Target Trial-The TARGET Statement.JAMA · 2025 · on this mapArticle
- Target trial emulation in oncology: current use and future directions.Military Medical Research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Target trial emulation is an approach to designing rigorous nonexperimental studies by "emulating" key features of a clinical trial. Most commonly used outside of policy contexts, this approach is also valuable for policy evaluation as policies typically are not randomly assigned. In this article, we discuss the application of the target trial emulation framework in a policy evaluation context. The policy trial emulation framework includes 7 components: the units and eligibility criteria, definitions of the exposure and comparison conditions, assignment mechanism, baseline ("time zero") and follow-up, outcomes, causal estimand, and statistical analysis and assumptions. Policy evaluations that emulate a randomized trial across these dimensions can yield estimates of the causal effects of the policy on outcomes. Using the policy trial emulation framework to conduct and report on research design and methods supports transparent assessment of threats to causal inference in nonexperimental studies intended to assess the effect of a health policy on clinical or population health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.