ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2025
Layer-specific BOLD effects in gradient and spin-echo acquisitions in somatosensory cortex.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Machine Learning-Based Clustering of Layer-Resolved fMRI Activation and Functional Connectivity Within the Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Nonhuman Primates.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Layer-specific BOLD effects in gradient and spin-echo acquisitions in somatosensory cortex.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
purposePrevious studies have shown varied BOLD signals with gradient echo (GE) across cortical depth. To interpret these variations, and understand the effects of vascular geometry and size, the magnitudes and layer distributions of GE and spin-echo (SE) BOLD functional MRI signals were compared in the somatosensory cortex of squirrel monkeys during tactile stimulation and in a resting state at high spatial resolution and high field.
methodsA block-design stimulation was used to identify tactile-evoked activation signals in somatosensory Areas 3b and 1. Layer-specific connectivities were calculated using resting-state data. Signal power spectra were compared by depth and pulse sequence. The measured ratios of transverse relaxation rate changes were compared with Anderson and Weiss's model.
resultsSE signals showed a 26% lower percentage signal change during tactile stimulation compared with GE, along with a slower time course. SE signals remained consistent but weaker in lower layers, whereas GE signals decreased with cortical depth. This pattern extended to resting-state power spectra. Resting-state functional connectivity indicated larger connectivity between the top layers of Area 3b and Area 1 for GE, with minimal changes for SE. Comparisons with theory suggest vessel diameters ranging from 19.4 to 9 microns are responsible for BOLD effects across cortical layers at 9.4 T.
conclusionThese results provide further evidence that at high field, SE BOLD signals are relatively free of contributions from sources other than microvascular changes in response to neural activity, whereas GE signals, even in the superficial layers, are not dominated by very large vessels.
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