ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2024
Staphylococcus aureus SaeRS impairs macrophage immune functions through bacterial clumps formation in the early stage of infection.
Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages: A new paradigm for cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Orthogonal cell division mediated by PcdA organizes surface virulence factors to drive staphylococcal abscess community formation.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Dual-engineering metalloimmunotherapy mediatesBioactive materials · 2026Article
- Profiling of genetic determinants required for fitness of community-associated methicillin-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Cucurbitacin B mitigatesJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Emerging host-directed strategies for overcoming drug resistance and immune evasion in Staphylococcus aureus infections.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Orthogonal cell division organizes surface virulence factors to drive staphylococcal abscess community formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Biomaterials for Chronic Osteomyelitis: Time-Space-Control Strategies for Infection Control and Bone Repair-A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Differential sensitivity of leukocyte populations toInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Mining a vibriophage depolymerase for enhanced pathogen control in aquaculture.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: tolerance, immune evasion and treatment.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Histidinol dehydrogenase (HisD): a critical regulator ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Enhanced control of pathogenicApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterization of an enterococcal phage endolysin as a potential antimicrobial agent against Streptococcus suis.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Immune dysfunction during S. aureus biofilm-associated implant infections: opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Macrophage-mimicking nanodiscs for treating systemic infection caused by methicillin-resistantScience advances · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Complex Relationships Between the Hemostasis System and Infective Endocarditis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Macrophage polarization: molecular mechanisms, disease implications, and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Progress in Research on Macrophage Polarization Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies inInfection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- LILRA5Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) SaeRS two-component system (TCS) regulates over 20 virulence factors. While its impact on chronic infection has been thoroughly discussed, its role in the early stage of infection remains elusive. Since macrophages serve as the primary immune defenders at the onset of infection, this study investigates the influence of SaeRS on macrophage functions and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Macrophage expression of inflammatory and chemotactic factors, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity against S. aureus were assessed, along with the evaluation of cellular oxidative stress. SaeRS was found to impair macrophage function. Mechanistically, SaeRS inhibited NF-κB pathway activation via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Its immune-modulating effect could partially be explained by the strengthened biofilm formation. More importantly, we found SaeRS compromised macrophage immune functions at early infection stages even prior to biofilm formation. These early immune evasion effects were dependent on bacterial clumping as cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity were repaired when clumping was inhibited. We speculate that the bacterial clumping-mediated antigen mask is responsible for SaeRS-mediated immune evasion at the early infection stage. In vivo, ΔsaeRS infection was cleared earlier, accompanied by early pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and increased tissue oxidative stress. Subsequently, macrophages transitioned to an anti-inflammatory state, thereby promoting tissue repair. In summary, our findings underscore the critical role of the SaeRS TCS in S. aureus pathogenicity, particularly during early infection, which is likely initiated by SaeRS-mediated bacterial clumping.
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