ArticleParasites & vectors2024
Differences in seasonal dynamics and pyrethroid resistance development among Anopheles Hyrcanus group species.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Anopheles Hyrcanus group, which transmits Plasmodium vivax, consists of six confirmed species in South Korea. An epidemiological study revealed differences in the seasonal occurrence patterns of each species. Pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis dates back to the early 2000s, whereas information on pyrethroid resistance in other species is lacking despite their greater significance in malaria epidemiology.
methodsAnopheles mosquitoes were collected from two malaria-endemic regions in South Korea for 2 years and their knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were genotyped. The larval susceptibility to λ-cyhalothrin was compared in six Anopheles species and its seasonal changes in three species were investigated. The full-length sequences of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) were compared across six species to evaluate potential target-site insensitivity. The contribution of the kdr mutation to phenotypic resistance was confirmed by comparing median lethal time (LT
resultsThe composition and seasonal occurrence of rare species (Anopheles kleini, Anopheles lestri, and Anopheles sineroides) varied considerably, whereas An. sinensis occurs continuously throughout the season. A kdr mutation in the form of heterozygous allele was newly identified in An. belenrae, An. lesteri, An. pullus, and An. sineroides. The baseline susceptibility to λ-cyhalothrin was the highest in An. belenrae, followed by An. lesteri, An. sineroides, An. kleini, An. pullus, and An. sinensis, with median lethal concentration (LC
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the status and extent of pyrethroid resistance vary among Anopheles Hyrcanus group species. While An. sinensis, the predominant species, developed a considerable level of pyrethroid resistance through kdr mutation, the resistance levels of other species appeared to be less pronounced. Large-scale monitoring is crucial to fully understand species-specific seasonal occurrence and resistance status for effective management strategies, considering the ongoing impact of climate change on their vectorial capacity.
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