ArticleDiscover oncology2024
Thromboembolism during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: frequency and risk factors.
Article in Discover oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing precision cardio-oncology: multimodal surveillance and stratified management of immunotherapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the Emerging Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Thrombosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Validating Khorana Risk Score in gastric cancer patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Targeting IL-33 in patients with cancer under immune checkpoint inhibitors for a better antitumor response and prevent thromboembolism?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- A Real-World Comparison of the Safety Profile for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncology Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThromboembolism (TE) is a well-known complication during chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, the risk of TE associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unknown. This study was performed to investigate the incidence of TE and associated risk factors in patients treated with ICIs.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart survey of patients receiving at least one ICI at Shinshu University Hospital between September 2014 and October 2021. Age, sex, cancer type, body mass index, medical history, laboratory data at commencement of treatment, and medication data were obtained from electronic medical records. TE events (venous thromboembolism [VTE], arterial thromboembolism [ATE]) were identified after ICI initiation.
resultsThe study population consisted of 548 patients with a median age of 70.0 (19-89) years, 71.4% men, and a median follow-up of 15.1 months (range; 0.16-72.0 months). Nivolumab was the most commonly used ICI (45.8%), followed by pembrolizumab (23.9%), pembrolizumab plus anticancer drugs (7.8%), and nivolumab plus ipilimumab (5.1%). Thirty-eight cases of TE (6.9%) occurred (22 VTE, 16 ATE). Risk factors significantly associated with TE in multivariate logistic analysis were dyslipidemia (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.17-5.09; p = 0.017), Khorana score ≥ 2 (HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.14-5.04; p = 0.021). Overall survival was not significantly different from patients without TE (p = 0.963).
conclusionThese results suggested that the frequency of TE is higher than expected and should be considered and monitored in patients treated with ICIs.
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