ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2025
S100A9 induces tissue remodeling of human nasal epithelium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.
Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The SPRR2A-CSTA axis drives IL-17A-induced squamous metaplasia and steroid resistance in allergic rhinitis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting Inflammatory Alarmin S100A9 Modulates Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage to Protect Nasal Epithelial Cells From LPS-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Dysregulated glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and retinoid metabolism in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: insights from a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Insights into Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Review of Lipidomics, Proteomics, and Transcriptomics.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The Change of Noncoding RNA Expression in Olfactory Bulb of Hepatic Encephalopathy Mouse Model: Transcriptomic Analysis and Cellular Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- S100A9 induces tissue remodeling of human nasal epithelium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic inflammation triggers tissue remodeling in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. S100A9, a protein secreted by inflammatory cells, exhibits potent proinflammatory activity. However, its effect on HNE cell remodeling, such as squamous metaplasia, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects and underlying pathways of S100A9 on HNE cell remodeling and investigate its clinical implications in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
methodsCultured HNE cells were treated with S100A9. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to analyze gene ontology (GO). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were also analyzed. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence were performed on tissue samples obtained from 60 patients, whose clinical informations were also reviewed.
resultsGO enrichment analysis indicated that S100A9 induced tissue remodeling in HNE cells toward squamous metaplasia. IPA and KEGG commonly showed that S100A9 affected HNE cells associated with the IL-17 signaling pathway, including target molecules such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A). Squamous metaplasia with a marked expression of S100A9 was observed in 50% of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). In addition, in multiplex immunofluorescence, the S100A9 in sub-epithelium was co-expressed with myeloperoxidase, a neutrophil marker, and MMP1 and SPRR2A were strongly expressed in epithelial remodeling. Clinically, the expression of S100A9 correlated with sino-nasal outcome test-22 (r = 0.294, p = 0.022) and Lund-Mackay scores (r = 0.348, p = 0.006).
conclusionS100A9 induces tissue remodeling in HNE cells. Its increased expression in CRSwNP, particularly squamous epithelium, correlates with disease severity. This suggests the clinical potential of S100A9 as a biomarker for CRS severity.
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