ArticleNeuro-oncology2025
Sex differences in the molecular profile of adult diffuse glioma are shaped by IDH status and tumor microenvironment.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-biased intratumoral microbiome influences tumor molecular and immune landscape and disease outcomes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Modeling blood-brain barrier-glioblastoma interactions: implications for chemoresistance and therapeutic targeting.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- The dynamic myeloid-enriched microenvironment of glioblastoma: a major challenge to immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrative Transcriptomic and Perturbagen Analyses Reveal Sex-Specific Molecular Signatures Across Glioma Subtypes.Cancers · 2025Article
- The glioma microenvironment and its impact on antitumor immunity.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- TIMP4 serves as a novel potential prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dissecting the biology of gliomagenesis: Evaluating the interaction betweenNeuro-oncology advancesArticle
- Sex-specific difference in treatment success/failure after vestibular schwannoma treatment.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSex differences in adult diffuse glioma (ADG) are well established clinically, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we aim to reveal molecular features and cellular compositions unique to each sex in ADG to comprehend the role of sex in disease etiology.
methodsWe quantified sex differences in the transcriptome of ADG using multiple independent glioma patient datasets. Next, we delved into the single-cell landscape to examine sex differences in gene expression and cellular composition. To explore how sex influences disease progression, we analyzed paired samples from primary and recurrent ADG cases, aiming to identify sex-specific differences in molecular and cellular features.
resultsOur analysis revealed that mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes and the tumor microenvironment emerged as primary influencers of sex-differential molecular enrichments. In IDHwt tumors, genes in the neuronal signaling pathway are found to be enriched in male tumors, while genes in hypoxia and inflammatory response pathways are enriched in female tumors. This pattern was reversed in IDHmut gliomas. We hypothesized that these distinctions could be attributed to heterogeneous cellular composition between sexes. Using single-cell data, we observed distinctive patterns of sex differences in cell states, cell composition, and cell-cell interaction in IDHwt and IDHmut tumors separately. Further, by comparing molecular changes in paired primary and recurrent ADG samples, we identified sex-specific differences in molecular characteristics and cellular compositions of recurrent tumors.
conclusionsOur results provide a comprehensive multilevel characterization of sex differences in ADG; such findings provide novel insights into glioma disease progression in each sex.
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