ArticleParasites & vectors2024
Human-to-Anopheles dirus mosquito transmission of the anthropozoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of Anopheles abundance and meta-analysis of nonhuman primate malaria infection in mosquitoes in Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Zoonotic malaria in Southeast Asia's changing landscapes: vector complexity, challenges, and future strategies.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Plasmodium knowlesi gametocyte carriage and load among malaria patients at Kapit Hospital in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of environmental factors on the bionomics ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Correction: Human-to-Anopheles dirus mosquito transmission of the anthropozoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Molecular Prevalence and Identification of ZoonoticVeterinary medicine international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium knowlesi, identified as the fifth human malaria parasite, has rapidly spread across various Southeast Asian countries, yet uncertainties persist regarding its human-mosquito-human transmission. Therefore, this study aims to explore the transmission potential of P. knowlesi from human blood to mosquitoes.
methodsA direct membrane-feeding assay was conducted by infecting laboratory-reared female Anopheles dirus mosquitoes with P. knowlesi-infected human blood from a single patient presenting with febrile malaria. Mosquitoes were dissected 7 days post-infection under a stereomicroscope to detect oocysts in the midgut, stained with mercurochrome. Salivary glands were examined 14 days post-infection for the presence of sporozoites. Malaria diagnosis employed microscopy by expert microscopists and nested PCR assays.
resultsUpon dissecting 745 out of 1439 blood-fed An. dirus mosquitoes on day 7 post-infection, two oocysts were identified in the midguts of two mosquitoes (0.27%). An additional 694 mosquitoes were dissected for salivary glands on day 14 post-infection, with three mosquitoes (0.43%) exhibiting sporozoites. Further confirmation by nested-PCR assay verified these sporozoites as belonging to the P. knowlesi species.
conclusionsThe findings underscore the potential transmission of P. knowlesi from human blood to mosquitoes. The significance of these findings necessitates further investigation, such as repeating similar experiments among natural vectors, to gain deeper insights into the transmission dynamics of P. knowlesi in Southeast Asia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.