ArticleBMC health services research2024
Motherhood penalty for female physicians in Japan: evidence from a medical school's alumni data.
Article in BMC health services research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An exploratory analysis of changes in work values among nurses before and after pregnancy.PloS one · 2026Article
- Difference in time and risk preferences: physicians and general population across genders.Health economics review · 2025Article
- Physician compensation rates and gender disparities in interventional spine and pain practices: Insights from a Spine Intervention society survey study.Interventional pain medicine · 2025Article
- Gender Disparities in Physician Employment, Leadership, and Parental Leave in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFemale physicians with children often work fewer hours and take fewer shifts due to additional family responsibilities. This can contribute to a gender pay gap in the medical profession. However, limited research in Japan has quantitatively examined the factors contributing to this gap. This study aims to address this gap in the literature.
methodsWe analyzed the alumni data from a medical school in Hokkaido, Japan, for 260 physicians (198 males and 62 females). We used multivariable regression models to identify factors influencing earnings from medical practice, with a focus on gender, work schedules, parenthood, and any career interruptions related to childcare.
resultsOur analysis revealed a 25.0% earnings gap between male and female physicians. Nearly all female physicians with children experienced career interruptions due to childcare, while this was uncommon for male physicians. When these childcare-related interruptions were factored in, the gender pay gap narrowed by 9.7%. After adjusting for work schedules and specialty choices, female physicians with children still earned 37.2% less than male physicians, while those without children earned only 4.4% less. This suggests that motherhood is a significant driver of the gender pay gap among physicians.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the negative impact of motherhood on female physicians' earnings. This emphasizes the need for policy measures to mitigate the disadvantages faced by mothers in the medical profession.
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