ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2024
Interleukin-2 improves insulin sensitivity through hypothalamic sympathetic activation in obese mice.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunomodulatory interventions in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis revealing paradoxical dissociation between beta-cell preservation and glycemic control.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Double-Edged Sword?Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- T lymphocyte regulatory cytokines predict frailty in older adults.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Improves Insulin Sensitivity by Regulating Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Central Irisin Administration Attenuates Hypothalamic TLR4/MyD88-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Signaling in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- The diagnostic value of CXCL8 in diabetes mellitus co-morbidity with tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Differences in inflammatory markers, mitochondrial function, and synaptic proteins in male and female Alzheimer's disease post mortem brains.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The Intriguing Roles of Cytokines in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Neuro-immune Interactions in Metabolic Regulation: Brain and Adipose Tissue Crosstalk.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Effects of low-intensity endurance exercise and low-dose lithium chloride administration on muscle atrophy in high-fat diet induced obese rats.Physical activity and nutrition · 2025Article
- Obesity: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Imbalance of T cell subsets: a core event that mediates the progression of T2DM and its complications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome.Archives of internal medicine research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIL-2 regulates T cell differentiation: low-dose IL-2 induces immunoregulatory Treg differentiation, while high-dose IL-2 acts as a potent activator of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. Therefore, high-dose IL-2 has been studied for use in cancer immunotherapy. We aimed to utilize low-dose IL-2 to treat inflammatory diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance, which involve low-grade chronic inflammation. MAIN BODY: Systemic administration of low-dose IL-2 increased Treg cells and decreased inflammation in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), leading to improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Additionally, central administration of IL-2 significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic signaling induced by central IL-2 administration not only decreased interferon γ (IFNγ) + Th1 cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Il-1β, Il-6, and Il-8, but also increased CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cells and Tgfβ expression in the gWAT of obese mice. These phenomena were accompanied by hypothalamic microgliosis and activation of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. Furthermore, sympathetic denervation in gWAT reversed the enhanced insulin sensitivity and immune cell polarization induced by central IL-2 administration.
conclusionOverall, we demonstrated that IL-2 improves insulin sensitivity through two mechanisms: direct action on CD4 + T cells and via the neuro-immune axis triggered by hypothalamic microgliosis.
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