ArticleNature immunology2024
Profibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages are expanded in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities after COVID-19.
Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Monocytes in the Natural History of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Macrophage polarization plasticity in pulmonary fibrosis: a review from pathogenesis to therapeutic targeting.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- CLEC-1 promotes early IFN response in cDC1s and favors immune dysregulation during sepsis in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Non-Resolving Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: From Failed Cellular Transitions to Architectural Lock-In.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lung fibroblast activation protein expression is associated with extracellular matrix remodelling in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Murine models of pulmonary fibrosis: mechanisms, limitations and translational insights.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Immunosenescence in systemic and multi-organ aging: mechanisms, inter-organ crosstalk, and translational opportunities.npj aging · 2026Review
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Leading to Pneumonia Pathogenesis.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- Pathogen-specific host responses define distinct pneumonia endotypes in the human lung.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals immune-metabolic crosstalk and predictive biomarkers of ligustrazine treatment response in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Profibrotic macrophage populations and cell communications in pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Effects on Respiratory and Neurological Systems: Morphological Findings and Gene Expression in K18-hACE2 Mice Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Alveolar-Basal Intermediates Drive Pulmonary Fibrosis via Coordination of a Pro-Fibrotic Signaling Niche in Silicosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- SM3DD with segmented PCA: a comprehensive method for interpreting 3D spatial transcriptomics.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- A distinct monocyte transcriptional state links systemic immune dysregulation to pulmonary impairment in long COVID.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Monocyte-mediated mechanisms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: opportunities for early intervention.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Article
- The gene regulatory networks shaping macrophage plasticity and altered function in fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- CD63Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
32 authors.
Joseph I Bailey *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Connor H Puritz *Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-0444
Karolina J Senkow *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-3529
Nikolay S MarkovDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-4387
Estefani DiazDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-0276
Emmy JonassonRobert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-5377
Zhan YuDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Suchitra SwaminathanDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ziyan LuDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Samuel FenskeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Rogan A GrantDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0882
Hiam Abdala-ValenciaDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-5299
Ruben J MylvaganamDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Amy LudwigDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Janet MillerDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
R Ian CummingDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Robert M TigheDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-9861
Kymberly M GowdyDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Ohio, IL, USA.
Ravi KalhanDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Manu JainDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ankit BharatDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Chitaru KuriharaDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ruben San Jose EsteparDepartment of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-2432
Raul San Jose EsteparDepartment of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-1996
George R WashkoDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ali ShilatifardDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-2854
Jacob I SznajderDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-4764
Karen M RidgeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-0014
G R Scott BudingerDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-5208
Rosemary BraunEngineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Alexander V MisharinDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. a-misharin@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-3789
Marc A SalaDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. marc.sala@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-0595
Funding
Tumor Environment and Metastasis (TEAM) Research ProgramP30CA060553 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI LEONIDAS C. PLATANIAS · 1993 to 2026
$153.9MNorthwestern University Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NUCATS)UL1TR001422 · NCATS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI D'AQUILA, RICHARD · 2015 to 2023
$56.8MTissue resident macrophages regulate proteostasis in the aging lungP01AG049665 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GR Scott Budinger · 2015 to 2026
$26.9MRespiratory Computational Discovery CoreP01HL114501 · NHLBI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI CHOI, MARY E · 2013 to 2025
$24.9MTechnology CoreU19AI135964 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI JUSTIN B. STARREN · 2018 to 2026
$24.7MThe Cell Phenotyping and Mouse CoreP01HL154998 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KAREN M RIDGE · 2021 to 2026
$18.9MMidwest Murine-Tissue Mapping Center (MM-TMC)U54AG079754 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI GR Scott Budinger, Sundeep Khosla · 2022 to 2026
$11.5MSynergistic roles of lung autoantibodies, donor nonclassical monocytes and recipient classical monocytes in mediating primary graft dysfunctionP01HL169188 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Seunghye Han · 2024 to 2026
$11.1MTraining Program In Lung SciencesT32HL076139 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KAREN M RIDGE, Jacob I Sznajder · 2004 to 2026
$9.6MThe Neu-Lung Consortium: Neutrophilic Mechanisms of Inflammation, Injury, and Repair in Lung and Airways DiseasesU19AI181102 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Max A Seibold · 2024 to 2026
$9.3MRole of spleen educated monocytes in mediating ischemia-reperfusion injury followinglung transplant surgeryR01HL147575 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Ankit Bharat, GR Scott Budinger · 2019 to 2026
$5.5MPathogenesis of lung injury mediated by lung-restricted antibodiesR01HL147290 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Ankit Bharat, GR Scott Budinger · 2019 to 2026
$5.2MAmerican Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.) 24PRE1196998American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 24PRE1196998CSRD VA I01 CX001777National Science Foundation (NSF) 1764421-01National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-1547394NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NCI NIH HHS P30 CA060553NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL114501NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL154998NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL169188NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL116931NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL145478NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147290NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147575NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153312NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158139NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173987NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL176632NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL076139NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI135964NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI181102NIA NIH HHS F31 AG071225NIA NIH HHS P01 AG049665NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068579NIA NIH HHS R21 AG075423NIA NIH HHS U54 AG079754NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES027574NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES028829NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034350NIH HHS S10 OD011996NLM NIH HHS R21 LM013670Simons Foundation 597491-RWC01U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1F31AG071225U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) P01AG049665U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) P01HL154998U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AG068579U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01ES027574U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01ES028829U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01ES034350U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL116931U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL145478U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL147290U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL147575U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL153312U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL158139U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL173987U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R21AG075423U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R21LM013670U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) T32HL076139U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) U19AI135964U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) U19AI181102U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) U54AG079754U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) UL1TR001422
Abstract
Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages drive lung injury and fibrosis in murine models and are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in humans. Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages have been suggested to develop a phenotype that promotes lung repair as injury resolves. We compared single-cell and cytokine profiling of the alveolar space in a cohort of 35 patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 who had persistent respiratory symptoms and abnormalities on a computed tomography scan of the chest that subsequently improved or progressed. The abundance of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages, their gene expression programs, and the level of the monocyte chemokine CCL2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid positively associated with the severity of radiographic fibrosis. Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages from patients with resolving or progressive fibrosis expressed the same set of profibrotic genes. Our findings argue against a distinct reparative phenotype in monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages, highlighting their utility as a biomarker of failed lung repair and a potential target for therapy.
Indexed as
COVID-19Macrophages, AlveolarPulmonary FibrosisSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidChemokine CCL2CytokinesFemaleHumansLungMaleMiddle AgedMonocytesTomography, X-Ray ComputedChemokine CCL2Cytokines
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.