ArticleScience advances2024
Wireless neuromodulation at submillimeter precision via a microwave split-ring resonator.
Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-Content SRS Imaging Unveils Altered Cholesterol Metabolism in Ovarian Cancers Under CAR-T Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Microwave technologies for biomedical diagnosis and therapy: advances, challenges, and perspectives.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- Histomorphometry and sperm quality in male rats exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A broad spectrum of electromagnetic waves has been explored for wireless neuromodulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, with long wavelengths, cannot provide submillimeter spatial resolution. Visible light, with its short wavelengths, suffers from strong scattering in the deep tissue. Microwaves have centimeter-scale penetration depth and have been shown to reversibly inhibit neuronal activity. Yet, microwaves alone do not provide sufficient spatial precision to modulate target neurons without affecting surrounding tissues. Here, we report a split-ring resonator (SRR) that generates an enhanced microwave field at its gap with submillimeter spatial precision. With the SRR, microwaves at dosages below the safe exposure limit are shown to inhibit the firing of neurons within 1 mm of the SRR gap site. The microwave SRR reduced seizure activity at a low dose in both in vitro and in vivo models of epilepsy. This microwave dosage is confirmed to be biosafe via histological and biochemical assessment of brain tissue.
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