Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39365466›Full record

ArticleArchives of women's mental health2025

Gender bias of antisocial and borderline personality disorders among psychiatrists.

Beren Özel, Ezgi Karakaya, Fazilet Köksal, Ali Ercan Altinoz, Imran Gokcen Yilmaz-Karaman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of women's mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Antisocial Personality Disorder and the Charming Male Lead.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Beren ÖzelDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-185X
Ezgi KarakayaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-5674
Fazilet KöksalDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-7791-2453
Ali Ercan AltinozDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-2105
Imran Gokcen Yilmaz-KaramanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye. gokcenylmz@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-7749

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAntisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) challenge mental health professionals with similar maladaptive behaviors. However, these two disorders differ regarding available evidence-based treatments. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been criticized as being gender-biased diagnostic construct. The present study aimed to determine the gender bias of ASPD and BPD among Turkish psychiatrists.

methodsThree case vignettes were randomly presented as male or female to the psychiatrists online. The first case was a patient with schizophrenia case to confirm the participant's ability to diagnose. The second case was a patient with ASPD, and the third one was a patient with BPD.

resultsTwo hundred fifty participants diagnosed the first case correctly (n = 250). The results with statistical significance demonstrated that a female case with ASPD was 5.1 times more likely to get misdiagnosed than a male case with ASPD (p˂0.0001).

conclusionsCategorical classification of personality disorders in DSM leads to gender bias in in the diagnosis of ASPD and BPD. The present study shows that female cases with ASPD are misdiagnosed as BPD which may result in treatment attempts without evidence.

Indexed as

Antisocial Personality DisorderBorderline Personality DisorderPsychiatrySexismAdultDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersDiagnostic ErrorsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatristsTurkeyAntisocialBorderlineDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disordersGender biasPersonality disorderSexism

Identifiers

PMID39365466
PMCPMC12092533

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.