ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2025
Relationships Between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiomics: the intersection of personalized nutrition in cardiometabolic diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Genetic insights into coronary heart disease in the Teochew population: Bridging gaps in precision medicine.World journal of cardiology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of an ApoE Genotype-Guided Lipid-Lowering Strategy in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Article
- APOE Lipoprotein Particles: Pathophysiology, Therapy, and the Crosstalk in Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiovascular Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Shared genetics of lung cancer and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- APOE ε4 carriers share immune-related proteomic changes across neurodegenerative diseases.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Apolipoprotein E genotypes are associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Lebanese adults with type 2 diabetes: a case-control study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well-established risk factors for dementia. Relationships between APOE and incidence of T2DM and CVD are not fully understood but may shed light on the mechanisms underlying dementia pathogenesis.
methodsPostmenopausal women (N = 6 795) from the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy clinical trial with APOE genotyping and no prior diagnosis of T2DM or CVD were included. We examined associations of APOE status (APOE2+ [ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3], APOE3 [ε3/ε3], and APOE4+ [ε4/ε4, ε3/ε4] carriers) with incidence of T2DM, coronary heart disease, stroke, and total CVD events using Cox regression. CVD outcomes were examined in baseline non-statin users and adjusted for statin initiation over follow-up to account for possible confounding by statins.
resultsAmong all participants (mean age 66.7 ± 6.5 years, 100% non-Hispanic White), 451 (6.6%) were using statins at baseline. Over the follow-up (mean 14.9 and 16.0 years for T2DM and CVD, respectively), 1 564 participants developed T2DM and 1 578 developed CVD. T2DM incidence did not differ significantly by APOE status (ps ≥ .09). Among non-statin users, APOE4+ had higher incidence of total CVD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.18 [1.02-1.38], p = .03) compared with APOE3 carriers, but risks for coronary heart disease (1.09 [0.87-1.36], p = .47) and stroke (1.14 [0.91-1.44], p = .27) were not significantly elevated when examined individually. CVD outcomes did not differ between APOE2+ and APOE3 carriers (ps ≥ 0.11).
conclusionsT2DM risk did not differ by APOE status among postmenopausal women, but APOE4+ carriers not using statins had an increased risk of total CVD events.
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