ArticleHeliyon2024
Design and study of additively manufactured Three periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structured porous titanium interbody cage.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating Structures and Biology: Cellular and Molecular Interactions with Functionally Graded Spinal Cage Designs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Personalized Bone Implants Based on Additive Manufacturing.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Design and evaluation of two proposed hybrid FCC-BCC lattice structures for enhanced mechanical performance.Heliyon · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: TPMS porous structures have adjustable stiffness, a smooth surface, and highly connected pores, which help avoid stress concentration within the dot-matrix structure and promote cell adhesion and proliferation. A cervical interbody cage based on this type of porous structure was designed and fabricated, and its mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. Methods: TPMS porous structures have adjustable stiffness, a smooth surface, and highly connected pores, which help avoid stress concentration within the dot-matrix structure and promote cell adhesion and proliferation. A cervical interbody cage based on this type of porous structure was designed and fabricated, and its mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. Results: The volume fraction of the 3D-printed TC4-based Tubular-G structure was linearly related to compressive strength. Adjusting the volume fraction resulted in a Tubular-G structure with a modulus and yield strength similar to human bone, without stress concentration within the structure. The designed and fabricated TC4-based Tubular-G porous cervical interbody cage demonstrated excellent anti-sagging properties and biocompatibility. Conclusions: The volume fraction of the 3D-printed TC4-based Tubular-G structure was linearly related to compressive strength. Adjusting the volume fraction resulted in a Tubular-G structure with a modulus and yield strength similar to human bone, without stress concentration within the structure. The designed and fabricated TC4-based Tubular-G porous cervical interbody cage demonstrated excellent anti-sagging properties and biocompatibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.