Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39361037›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2025

Humic acid-coated paper: An affordable mixed-mode weak-cation exchanger for isolating cocaine, codeine, and methadone from saliva samples for their direct infusion mass spectrometric analysis.

Carlos Calero-Cañuelo, Rafael Lucena, Soledad Cárdenas

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Carlos Calero-CañueloAffordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
Rafael LucenaAffordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain. rafael.lucena@uco.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-2460
Soledad CárdenasAffordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.

Funding

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2020-112862RB-I00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of natural materials as precursors for synthesizing sorptive phases can reduce the environmental impact of the sample preparation step. In this article, two natural materials, i.e., cellulose and humic acids, are combined, resulting in a porous and flat sorptive phase that combines hydrophobic and cation exchange interactions. The simple preparation, with low reagent consumption, and the high production capacity make this process affordable. The performance of the humic acid-coated paper has been studied towards three basic drugs (cocaine, codeine, and methadone), and it has allowed the determination of the targets in saliva by direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry. The simultaneous extraction of many samples and the rapid analysis (2 min) provide a high sample throughput. The resulting method has been validated following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) M10 validation guide. Working at the optimum conditions, the linear range was established from 5 to 500 μg·L

Indexed as

CocaineCodeineHumic SubstancesMethadonePaperSalivaHumansLimit of DetectionReproducibility of ResultsSubstance Abuse DetectionTandem Mass SpectrometryCocaineCodeineHumic SubstancesMethadoneCelluloseDrugsHumic acidMass spectrometryPaper-based sorptive phases

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.