Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39360605›Full record

ArticlePsychology, health & medicine2025

The association between perceived neighborhood safety and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Madeline M Tomlinson, Savanna Kerstiens, Courteney Smith, Osayande Agbonlahor, Julianna Clarke, Kolbie Vincent, Kandi L Walker, Alison C McLeish, Rachel J Keith, Ted Smith and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychology, health & medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Madeline M TomlinsonCollege of Health Professions, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-2369-7818
Savanna KerstiensDepartment of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4596-1580
Courteney SmithBrian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8684-0139
Osayande AgbonlahorDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5531-3512
Julianna ClarkeDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Kolbie VincentDepartment of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Kandi L WalkerDepartment of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1719-588X
Alison C McLeishChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4243-8786
Rachel J KeithChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3877-0636
Ted SmithChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Ray A YeagerChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Lindsey A WoodDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Aruni BhatnagarChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Joy L HartDepartment of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3220-2638

Funding

Superfund Training CoreP42ES023716 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI HEIN, DAVID W · 2017 to 2025
$18.1M
Urban Greenness and Cardiovascular HealthR01ES029846 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI Aruni Bhatnagar · 2018 to 2026
$6.2M
NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES023716NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES029846
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in the U.S. accounting for 1 in 4 deaths each year. Environmental factors, such as neighborhood safety, may increase the risk of CVD. Therefore, the current study assessed perceived neighborhood safety and its association with CVD risk factors (i.e. dyslipidemia, hypertension, type II diabetes) among 663 adults (mean age: 49.97 years, 61.24% female, 78.28% White). Participants completed self-report measures as part of a larger study of environmental influences on cardiac health. Results indicated that individuals reporting low perceived neighborhood safety had greater odds of having at least one CVD risk factor (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.46, 5.22) compared to those with high perceived safety. There was a significant interaction between gender and the presence of at least one CVD risk factor in relation to perceived neighborhood safety. Low perceived neighborhood safety was associated with greater odds of having at least one CVD risk factor among males (OR = 5.48, 95% C.I: 1.82, 16.52) but not females. These findings suggest that low perceived safety is associated with CVD risk factors, especially among males. Future work should seek to better understand the interaction by gender in the relationship between perceived safety and CVD risk factors.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesSafetyAdultAgedFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeighborhood CharacteristicsResidence CharacteristicsRisk FactorsSex FactorsCardiovascular healthdyslipidemiahypertensionperceived neighborhood safetytype II diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39360605
PMCPMC11669532

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.