Education Research: Qualitative Assessment of Virtual Teaching of the Neurological Examination to Students Reveals Importance of Technique, Process, and Documentation.

Introduction: Virtual teaching sessions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were challenging for students and teachers but were also an opportunity to find creative ways to teach physical examination skills, including the neurologic examination. We examined expert opinions of the pros and cons that arise using a virtual platform to teach the neurologic examination and strategies to best address these challenges. Methods: This was a qualitative study incorporating a focus group of faculty and resident neurologists. Data were coded using conventional content analysis. An interpretivist, social constructionist approach was used to look for interesting or novel ideas, rather than testing a specific hypothesis. Three independent auditors performed a dependability and confirmability audit to confirm that the themes accurately reflected the data. Results: A single focus group was used. Four of the 6 participants were faculty neurologists and 2 were neurology residents. Five themes were identified: (1) learning the neurologic examination is complex, (2) lack of physical contact is the most important drawback of virtual teaching, (3) virtual teaching can effectively emphasize the organization of the examination, (4) virtual sessions can facilitate combined teaching of technique and demonstration of abnormalities, and (5) virtual platforms do not necessarily imply reduced participation. Conclusion: Teaching the neurologic examination is a multifaceted process that should emphasize not only technique but also an overall approach to performing and documenting the examination. Many aspects of the neurologic examination can be appropriately taught virtually using various strategies, although there may always be some limitations. Virtual education can play a useful role for future curriculum design and global education.