Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39359610›Full record

Review3D printing and additive manufacturing2024

Application of Reversible Four-Dimensional Printing of Shape Memory Alloys and Shape Memory Polymers in Structural Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review.

S Varadharajan, Kirthanashri S Vasanthan, Prachi Agarwal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in 3D printing and additive manufacturing, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

S VaradharajanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-1375
Kirthanashri S VasanthanManipal Center of Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-153X
Prachi AgarwalManipal Center of Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid development and advancements in field of shape memory alloys (SMAA) has tremendously increased the progress in four-dimensional (4D) printing. The conventional 4D printing will require skilled manpower but utilization of reversibility aspect achieved using self adjusting external stimuli will eliminate the necessity of sophisticated devices and human intervention in 4D printing. The components created using reversible 4D printing can be reused after each recovery cycle that suits the current industry requirements. This review is divided into three sections: The first section starts with a detailed illustration of different mechanisms associated with SMAA and shape memory polymers SMPP along with an illustration of realistic 3D-printed SMAA and SMPP. The second section of this paper deals with the different methods of manufacture with the advantages and disadvantages of different types of SMAA. The third section deals with the mechanisms associated with SMPP, namely (1) Thermo-responsive mechanism, (2) Chemo-responsive mechanism, and (3) Photo-responsive mechanism along with a detailed insight into the aspect of repeatability and reversibility. The fourth section presents an exhaustive review of the application of SMAA and SMPP in civil engineering. The last section of this work throws light on the challenges faced in 4D reversible printing of SMAA and SMPP along with the potential solutions and presents directions for future research.

Indexed as

4D printingshape memory alloysshape memory polymers

Identifiers

PMID39359610
PMCPMC11442371

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.