ArticleOrthopaedic surgery2024
Gender, BMI, and Age-Related Variations in Lower Limb Alignment Parameters and CPAK Phenotypes in Chinese Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Article in Orthopaedic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Knee medial tightness after total knee arthroplasty is associated with superior clinical outcomes in Chinese patients: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in coronal knee alignment and CPAK distribution in an Austrian population.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Low bilateral consistency restricts the utility of the contralateral CPAK as a reliable reference for planning coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- A systematic review of geographic differences in knee phenotypes based on the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2025Review
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11 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesResearch on the distribution of and the variation in coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) in the Chinese osteoarthritis population is limited. We aimed to establish the CPAK classification based on the characteristics of lower limb alignment in the Chinese osteoarthritis population. We also investigated variations in lower limb alignment parameters and CPAK phenotypes based on gender, body mass index (BMI), and age.
methodsA retrospective study was conducted on a total of 944 knees diagnosed with osteoarthritis in 479 patients from January 2017 to December 2023. A scatterplot was used to describe the distribution of the CPAK classification, and the differences in lower limb alignment parameters and the CPAK classification were compared across genders (male, female), ages (middle-aged/<65 years, elderly/≥65 years), and BMI categories (normal/<25 kg/m
resultsThe average arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle and joint line obliquity (JLO) were -3.03° ± 5.69° and 174.45° ± 4.29°, respectively. There was a higher prevalence of constitutional varus alignment in males and the overweight or obese group, while constitutional valgus alignment was more common in females and the normal BMI group (p < 0.05). Additionally, females had a greater apex distal JLO than males (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in lower limb alignment parameters among different age groups (p > 0.05). Although there were variations in alignment parameters across different genders and BMI categories in the knee osteoarthritis population, the predominant CPAK classifications were type I (38.03%), followed by type II (20.02%) and type IV (17.06%).
conclusionThe most common CPAK types were I, II, and IV, and they were not influenced by gender, BMI, or age, indicating that the CPAK classification can reliably reflect constitutional alignment. A better understanding of native alignment variability can aid in providing patient-specific recommendations when considering orthopedic alignment strategies.
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