Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39358980›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2024

Long COVID and Health Inequalities: What's Next for Research and Policy Advocacy?

Sarah Akhtar Baz, Mirembe Woodrow, Donna Clutterbuck, Chao Fang, Jordan Mullard, Amitava Banerjee, Sarah Barley-McMullen, Jd Carpentieri, Anne-Laure Donskoy, Alice Faux-Nightingale and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Barriers to Long COVID Care in the U.S.: An Application of Levesque et al.'s Access Framework.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Exploring Long Covid Prevalence and Patient Uncertainty by Sociodemographic Characteristics Using GP Patient Survey Data.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  7. 'We Don't Have to Prove to People How We're Feeling': Understanding the Role of Peer Support Groups in Countering Epistemic Injustices in Long COVID at a US Centre.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Sarah Akhtar BazYork Trial Unit, Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9393-8003
Mirembe WoodrowSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6113-0050
Donna ClutterbuckSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5622-3076
Chao FangSociology, Social Policy and Criminology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7072-6072
Jordan MullardFaculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2712-6626
Amitava BanerjeeInstitute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8741-3411
Sarah Barley-McMullenLong Covid SOS Charity, Oxfordshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2887-1241
Jd CarpentieriInstitute of Education, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7550-1676
Anne-Laure DonskoySchool of Sociology, Politics and International Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3933-9162
Alice Faux-NightingaleCentre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4865-181X
Sasha Lewis-JacksonNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6141-9399
Margaret E O'HaraLong Covid Support Charity, England and Wales, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9812-5183
Tanvi RaiNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5201-9780
Ondine SherwoodLong Covid SOS Charity, Oxfordshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4421-2382
Nina SmythPsychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9047-6958
Kirsty StanleyLong Covid Kids Charity, England, Wales and Scotland, UK.
Victoria WelshSchool of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9156-5271
Ghazala MirSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5277-6885
Nisreen A AlwanSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4134-8463

Funding

The CONVALESCENCE project funding (funders UKRI MC_PC_20051 and National Institute for Health and Care Research [NIHR] COV-LT-0009) funded the QLC network special theme workshop on 'Long Covid and Health Inequalities'.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOrganised by the 'Qualitative Long Covid Network', a workshop for qualitative Long COVID (LC) researchers, LC charity representatives and people with LC took place in June 2023, where research on the intersectional inequalities affecting LC prevalence, recognition and care was shared and discussed.

methodsFive key themes were drawn up from presentations, discussions and reflections during the workshop, which are presented in this study.

resultsThe following five themes are discussed: the unfairness of LC, difficulties in accessing care, mistrust of the healthcare system, a lack of understanding of LC and experiences of stigma and discrimination. Factors that widen or narrow inequalities related to LC were identified.

conclusionA call to action is proposed to investigate and address inequalities through a robust LC research agenda that speaks with conviction to policy and decision-makers. We argue that there needs to be a strong investment in research and evidence-based policy and practice to mitigate the worst effects of the condition and address the inequalities in experience, treatment and support, which are experienced more often and more acutely by some of society's most vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals. PATIENT AND PUBLIC (PPI) CONTRIBUTION: Projects included in this article had PPI ongoing activity to inform their research. A member of the CONVALESCENCE PPI group presented at the QLC Network 'Long Covid and Health Inequalities' workshop, as did members of Long COVID Kids, Long COVID Support and Long COVID SOS charities. They were all invited to be co-authors of this article.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health PolicyHealthcare DisparitiesHealth InequitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHealth Status DisparitiesHumansPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Social Stigmahealth inequalitiesLong COVIDQLC networkqualitative

Identifiers

PMID39358980
PMCPMC11447195

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.