ArticleNutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition2025
Practice changes and infant health risks during the 2022 infant formula shortage: Results of a US healthcare provider survey.
Article in Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infant Formula Affordability Negatively Impacts Parental Wellbeing, Financial Security and Safe Feeding Practices in the UK.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Toward a single source of truth: The case for centralized nutrition documentation in electronic medical records.JPGN reports · 2026Article
- Practice changes and infant health risks during the 2022 infant formula shortage: Results of a US healthcare provider survey.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2025Article
- Improved Impact on Clinical Outcomes and Reduced Cost of Care Associated With Switching Hypoallergenic Amino Acid-Based Formulas.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn February 2022, an infant formula recall and closing of a major manufacturing center exacerbated a nationwide shortage initiated by COVID-19-related supply chain disruptions. The effects were far-reaching, impacting families and healthcare providers across the US.
methodsA 19-item web survey was developed to better understand how the infant formula shortage impacted healthcare provider practices, resources needed and those already used, and patient health, including malnutrition. Subjective data on providers' experience were also collected.
resultsTwo hundred forty-one providers responded, primarily registered dietitians (94%) practicing in inpatient/academic hospitals in urban and metropolitan areas. Practice adjustments included increases in patient education (100%), communication with pharmacies/durable medical equipment companies (65%), and visit durations (28%). Feeding adjustments by caregivers included new infant formula (99%), toddler (55%) or homemade (23%) formula, cow's milk (46%) or milk alternatives (32%), formula dilution (41%), and early food introduction (14%). Providers indicated an increase in malnutrition (33%), related diagnoses (including failure to thrive [31%] and deceleration in z score [27%]), and associated symptoms. Of the providers who reported malnutrition and related diagnoses, 93% also reported caregiver feeding practices that are generally not recommended.
conclusionProviders made practice adjustments to mitigate the consequences associated with formula unavailability and misuse yet saw an increase in malnutrition and related diagnoses or symptoms. Subjectively, providers reported frustration that greater workloads did not result in improved outcomes, contributing to burnout. These data underscore the essentiality of supporting healthcare providers as they guide families in safe infant feeding practices.
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