ArticleBMC public health2024
Pregnancy loss and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese women: the China Kadoorie Biobank study.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between female sex-specific risk factors and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and 2 Decades Risk of Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Multimorbidity: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Incident Cardiometabolic Disease: Finding from a European Population-Based Study.Global heart · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhile the association between pregnancy loss and individual cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) is well-established, its impact on the risk of coexisting CMDs remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between pregnancy loss with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese women.
methodWe analyzed the cross-sectional data of 299,582 female participants aged 30-79 years old from the China Kadoorie biobank. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more CMDs, including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) between the number and type of pregnancy loss with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity, characterized by the number and type of CMD.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, pregnancy loss was found to be significantly associated with increased cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk (OR, 1.13 95% CI 1.08-1.19). Specifically, pregnancy loss due to spontaneous and induced abortion (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18 and OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.19, respectively). In contrast, no significant association was found between stillbirth and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95-1.11). The risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity increases as the number of pregnancy loss increases (one pregnancy loss: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.16, two or more pregnancy loss: OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.22). Similarly, the diagnosis of multiple CMDs increases with increasing number of pregnancy loss. Pregnancy loss was related to higher risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity across most CMD combinations of CMDs.
conclusionPregnancy loss, in particular, spontaneous and induced abortion was significantly associated with greater risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. The associations were stronger among those with recurrent pregnancy loss.
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