ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2024
Enzymatically Triggered Drug Release from Microgels Controlled by Glucose Concentration.
Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stimuli-Responsive Peptides for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery: Current Advances and Future Outlook.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Bisphenol A-responsive microgel comprising hydrophilic poly(acrylamide) network.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2026Article
- One-Pot Synthesis of Phenylboronic Acid-Based Microgels for Tunable Gate of Glucose-Responsive Insulin Release at Physiological pH.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Material-Driven Therapeutics: Functional Nanomaterial Design Paradigms Revolutionizing Osteosarcoma Treatment.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Hydrogels incorporating active compounds from traditional Chinese medicine for diabetic wound healing: mechanistic pathways and bioengineering progress.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aims to design microgels for controlled drug release via enzymatically generated pH changes in the presence of glucose. Modern medicine is focused on developing smart delivery systems with controlled release capabilities. In response to this demand, we present the synthesis, characterization, and enzymatically triggered drug release behavior of microgels based on poly(acrylic acid) modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) (p(AA-BIS)-GOx). TEM images revealed that the sizes of air-dried p(AA-BIS)-GOx microgels were approximately 130 nm. DLS measurements showed glucose-triggered microgel size changes upon glucose addition, which depended on buffer concentration. Enzymatically triggered drug release experiments using doxorubicin-loaded microgels with immobilized GOx demonstrated that drug release is strongly dependent on glucose and buffer concentration. The highest differences in release triggered by 5 and 25 mM glucose were observed in HEPES buffer at concentrations of 3 and 9 mM. Under these conditions, 80 and 52% of DOX were released with 25 mM glucose, while 47 and 28% of DOX were released with 5 mM glucose. The interstitial glucose concentration in a tumor ranges from ∼15 to 50 mM. Normal fasting blood glucose levels are about 5.5 mM, and postprandial (2 h after a meal) glucose levels should be less than 7.8 mM. The obtained results highlight the microgel's potential for drug delivery using the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, where drug release is controlled by enzymatically generated pH changes in response to elevated glucose concentrations.
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Registered trials
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