ArticleBiomaterials research2024
PEDF-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle for Vessel Normalization to Potentiate Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tumor exosomes impact functional hallmarks of cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- The role and prospects of extracellular vesicles in advanced drug and vaccine delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells in bullous pemphigoid: biological characteristics, dysfunction, and pathogenic roles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Inhibits Cell Motility and p-ERK1/2 Signaling in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines.Biology · 2025Article
- The Potential of Photoacoustic Imaging in Detecting and Managing Complex Wounds.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The abnormal tumor vasculature acts as the physical and functional barrier to the infiltration and activity of effector T cells, leading to the low response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Herein, antiangiogenic extracellular vesicles that enable normalization of the tumor-associated vasculature were prepared to potentiate the efficacy of ICIs. Small extracellular vesicles were exploited as the delivery platform to protect the antiangiogenic protein, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), from proteolytic degradation. Along with the physicochemical characteristics of the PEDF-enriched extracellular vesicles (P-EVs), their inhibitory effects on migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells were investigated in vitro. In tumor-bearing mice, it was confirmed that, compared to bare PEDFs, P-EVs efficiently reduced vessel leakiness, improved blood perfusion, and attenuated hypoxia. Consequently, when combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies, P-EVs remarkably augmented the antitumor immunity, as evidenced by increased infiltration of CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.