ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Robust and persistent B-cell responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine determine protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Flow Cytometric Assessment of Pertactin- and Tetanus Toxoid-Specific B-Cell Kinetics After Tdap Booster Vaccination in Healthy Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Neutralizing and binding antibodies are a correlate of risk of COVID-19 in the CoVPN 3008 study in people with HIV.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antibody Responses are Sustained 2 Years Post-Mpox Infection but not Following Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Vaccination.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Immune Response to MVA-BN Vaccination for Mpox: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Efficient boosting of Omicron-reactive memory B cells after breakthrough infection protects from repeated exposure.iScience · 2025Article
- T and B cell responses in different immunization scenarios for COVID-19: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
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30 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: A clear immune correlate of protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has not been defined. We explored antibody, B-cell, and T-cell responses to the third-dose vaccine and relationship to incident SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Adults in a prospective cohort provided blood samples at day 0, day 14, and 10 months after the third-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Participants self-reported incident SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike-subunit-1 and spike-subunit-2 antibodies were measured. A sub-study assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma and memory B-cell and memory T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by enzyme-linked immunospot. Comparative analysis between participants who developed incident infection and uninfected participants utilised non-parametric t-tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard ratios. Results: Of the 132 participants, 47 (36%) reported incident SARS-CoV-2 infection at a median 16.5 (16.25-21) weeks after the third-dose vaccination. RBD titres and B-cell responses, but not T-cell responses, increased after the third-dose vaccine. Whereas no significant difference in day 14 antibody titres or T-cell responses was observed between participants with and without incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, RBD memory B-cell frequencies were significantly higher in those who did not develop infection [10.0% (4.5%-16.0%) versus 4.9% (1.6%-9.3%), p = 0.01]. RBD titres and memory B-cell frequencies remained significantly higher at 10 months than day 0 levels (p < 0.01). Discussion: Robust antibody and B-cell responses persisted at 10 months following the third-dose vaccination. Higher memory B-cell frequencies, rather than antibody titres or T-cell responses, predicted protection from subsequent infection, identifying memory B cells as a correlate of protection.
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