ReviewCureus2024
The Levels of Biomarkers Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Non-Invasive Conventional Rehabilitation and Robotic Rehabilitation Among Brain Injury Patients: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of three aerobic exercise modalities (walking, running, and cycling) on circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Neuroinflammation in Shaping Neuroplasticity and Recovery Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is becoming increasingly common in Malaysia as a result of a rise in both strokes and accidents. The present review aims to explore the levels of serum inflammatory markers of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following conventional and robotic rehabilitation regimes among ABI patients and the association between serum biomarkers with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength. Online databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar were utilized by using search terms such as 'Definition of brain injury', 'Epidemiology of brain injury', 'Interleukin-1 in stroke', 'BDNF in stroke', 'Interleukin-1 in traumatic brain injury', 'BDNF in traumatic brain injury', 'Interleukin-1 level and robotic rehabilitation', 'BDNF and robotic rehabilitation', 'Interleukin-1 level and neurorehabilitation', and 'BDNF and neurorehabilitation'. All types of articles with different levels of evidence were included along with other relevant review articles. Articles that were not in English and were not available in the full text were excluded. The review identifies similar and no significant improvement in the treatment between conventional rehabilitation and robotic rehabilitation concerning serum biomarkers IL-1 and BDNF. This review also identifies that muscle strength and endurance training improved the level of serum BDNF in brain injury patients. Therefore, this review provides evidence of the levels of IL-1 and BDNF in non-invasive conventional rehabilitation and robotic rehabilitation among brain injury patients, as well as their relation with the MRC scale, to give a good functional outcome that will enhance the quality of life of these groups of individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.