Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39354798›Full record

ArticleApplied psychology. Health and well-being2025

A full-factorial test of motivational and volitional intervention strategies for promoting exercise habit formation and exercise maintenance among new users of an online exercise class platform.

L Alison Phillips, Kimberly R More, Nicholas R Lamoureux, Philip M Dixon, Jacob D Meyer, Laura Ellingson, Greg Welk, Bryce Hastings

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied psychology. Health and well-being, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Exercise Habits in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

L Alison PhillipsDepartment of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1126-1559
Kimberly R MoreDepartment for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4122-7191
Nicholas R LamoureuxKinesiology and Sport Sciences Department, University of Nebraska, Kearney, Nebraska, USA.
Philip M DixonDepartment of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Jacob D MeyerDepartment of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Laura EllingsonDivision of Health & Exercise Science, Western Oregon University, Oregon, USA.
Greg WelkDepartment of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Bryce HastingsLes Mills International Ltd (LMI), Auckland, New Zealand.

Funding

Les Mills International, Ltd N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interventions often fail to achieve long-term behavioral maintenance. Utilizing motivational and volitional strategies to promote behavioral maintenance factors may improve this. Using a full-factorial experiment, we tested the effects of three intervention components (focused on intrinsic motivation and identity, exercise preparation habit, and exercise instigation habit) on exercise participation over a year, among new users (N = 751; 91% identifying as female, 54% identifying as White race) of a global, online exercise class platform, run by Les Mills International Ltd, called LM+. We also tested the intervention components' theoretical mechanisms of action-habit formation, intrinsic motivation, identity, and self-efficacy. Multi-level models found some support for a main effect of the exercise preparation habit intervention component in promoting self-reported and objective exercise participation (behavioral outcomes measured via monthly surveys and the LM+ platform; mechanisms measured via monthly surveys)-in particular online exercise class frequency (fixed effect estimate = 0.84, p < 0.05, and = 0.12, p < 0.05, respectively). The preparation habit component also significantly increased preparation habit strength (0.30, p < 0.05) and instigation habit strength (0.33, p < 0.05). Other expected effects were nonsignificant. Helping individuals form an exercise preparation habit may facilitate initiating and maintaining exercise over time, in particular for attending online exercise classes, potentially through promoting greater preparation and exercise instigation habit strength.

Indexed as

ExerciseHabitsMotivationAdultFemaleHealth BehaviorHealth PromotionHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf EfficacyVolitionYoung Adultbehavioral maintenanceexercisehabitidentityinterventionintrinsic motivation

Identifiers

PMID39354798
PMCPMC11652125

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.