Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39354728›Full record

ReviewDiagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)2025

The future of multimodal artificial intelligence models for integrating imaging and clinical metadata: a narrative review

Benjamin D Simon, Kutsev Bengisu Ozyoruk, David G Gelikman, Stephanie A Harmon, Barış Türkbey

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Multimodal Wearable Biosensing Meets Multidomain AI: A Pathway to Decentralized Healthcare.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  13. Integrating Spatial Proteogenomics in Cancer Research.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Benjamin D SimonMolecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USAORCID 0000-0002-8658-9711
Kutsev Bengisu OzyorukMolecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USAORCID 0000-0001-5943-7440
David G GelikmanMolecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USAORCID 0000-0002-4317-2561
Stephanie A HarmonMolecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USAORCID 0000-0002-2507-2399
Barış TürkbeyMolecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USAORCID 0000-0003-0853-6494

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the ongoing revolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, the impact of AI in radiology is more pronounced than ever. An increasing number of technical and clinical AI-focused studies are published each day. As these tools inevitably affect patient care and physician practices, it is crucial that radiologists become more familiar with the leading strategies and underlying principles of AI. Multimodal AI models can combine both imaging and clinical metadata and are quickly becoming a popular approach that is being integrated into the medical ecosystem. This narrative review covers major concepts of multimodal AI through the lens of recent literature. We discuss emerging frameworks, including graph neural networks, which allow for explicit learning from non-Euclidean relationships, and transformers, which allow for parallel computation that scales, highlighting existing literature and advocating for a focus on emerging architectures. We also identify key pitfalls in current studies, including issues with taxonomy, data scarcity, and bias. By informing radiologists and biomedical AI experts about existing practices and challenges, we hope to guide the next wave of imaging-based multimodal AI research.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceMetadataRadiologyHumansNeural Networks, ComputerArtificial intelligencecancer researchmultimodalpathologyradiology

Identifiers

PMID39354728
PMCPMC12239537

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.