ArticleBMC nursing2024
Efficacy of the Otago-Exercise-Programme to reduce falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65-80 when delivered as group or individual training: Non-inferiority-clinical-trial.
Article in BMC nursing, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03320668 (Efficacy of the Otago Exercise Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) Delivered as Group Training Versus Individually Tailored Training in Community-dwelling Adults Between 65 and 80 Years Old
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Multicomponent Otago Exercise Program with Added Resistance Training on Sarcopenia in Pre-Frailty Older Adults in Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Trial
- Effects of the Otago Exercise Program on Physical Function Performance Related to Falls in the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhancing social participation in older adults with noncommunicable diseases: insights from system dynamics modeling.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Implementation gap and influencing factors of exercise prescription for older adults: a large-scale survey of healthcare professionals in China.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Effects of a Salutogenic Model-Based Frailty Prevention Program (SAFRAPP) in pre-frail women: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Impact of combined balance and strength exercise program on lower limb energy flow in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Otago Exercise Programme is an effective intervention for falls prevention. However, there is limited evidence in relation to studies that compare efficacy for falls prevention when delivered Otago Exercise Programme in a group or individual format in a primary care context.
objectiveTo compare the Otago Exercise Programme delivered as a group vs. individual format for community dwelling older adults, over a one year period. The hypothesis was that neither format would be inferior to the other.
methods
designA four-year multicentre, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial, with two arms- Otago Exercise Programme group training and individual Otago exercise training. SETTING(S): 21 primary healthcare centers.
participantsA sample size of 728 participants was established. Participants were aged between 65 and 80 years; living in the community; able to walk independently; and agreed to take part in the study and provided signed informed consent.
interventionThe Otago Exercise Programme was delivered mainly by nurses in primary care, with five face to face sessions, and a reinforcement 6 months later. Participants were encouraged to exercise at home between face to face sessions. DATA COLLECTION: at baseline and after 6 and 12 months from October 2017 to 2020. PRIMARY OUTCOME: people who reported at least one fall. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: number of falls, cause of falls, consequences and assistance, adherence and satisfaction. Group allocation was blinded to the researchers involved in analysis. Reporting: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommendations for the Statement for Randomized Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatments.
resultsEight hundred twenty-seven participants were randomized (226 were allocated in group training and 272 in individual training). The analysis of the proportion of people who reported at least one fall and number of falls showed no differences between individual and group training. Assessment of the equivalence between the interventions at 12 months showed that the confidence interval for the difference of people who reported at least one fall was found to be within the equivalence limit of 10% considered. However, in those participants with a previous history of falls, group format showed potentially greater benefit. The participants in individual training presented higher scores on the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale test. No differences were found in satisfaction between the groups.
conclusionsThe group Otago Exercise Programme is equivalent to individually delivered Otago Exercise Programme in terms of prevention of falls over a 12-month follow up. Adherence was higher in individual training. IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare professionals could offer either Otago Exercise Programme format dependent on patient preference and be confident that that standardized intervention provides patient benefit.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03320668). Data registration 31/10/2017.
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