ArticleNature communications2024
4D printing of liquid crystal elastomer composites with continuous fiber reinforcement.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Minimally invasive bioelectronic implants.Nature materials · 2026Review
- 3D Printing of Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Advances in Multifunctional Integration and Intelligent Manufacturing.Polymers · 2026Review
- Advances in 4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers from Materials, Mechanisms and Fabrication Techniques to Applications: A Comprehensive Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Light-Responsive 4D Printing of Carbon Nanotube-Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Directional Actuated Bending and Biomimetic Robotics.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Liquid Crystal Elastomers Filaments for Adaptive Textiles and Soft Robotics: A Processing-Centric Review.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Review
- 4D-Printed Spin Crossover Metamaterials with Giant Programmable Positive or Negative Thermal Expansion.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Single-parameter programmed thermomechanical actuation via 3D-printed helical director fields in liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- High-strength, programmable energy-dissipating liquid crystal elastomers via hydrogen-bond-locked 4D printing.iScience · 2026Article
- Robotic conformal 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomers.Science advances · 2026Article
- Deformation Prediction of 4D-Printed Active Composite Structures Based on Data Mining.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Printing technologies for monitoring crop health.Nature communications · 2026Review
- 4D printing through vat photopolymerization of two-stage UV-curable liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Inverse design framework for 4D printed structures using the finite element method.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of novel filament production setup of continuous fiber reinforced composite filament for additive manufacturing applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Bioinspired twist-hyperbolic metamaterial for impact buffering and self-powered real-time sensing in UAVs.Science advances · 2025Article
- Welding complex-shaped actuators from dynamic liquid crystal elastomers.Journal of materials chemistry. C · 2025Article
- Four-Dimensional Printing of Multi-Material Origami and Kirigami-Inspired Hydrogel Self-Folding Structures.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multifunctional composites have been continuously developed for a myriad of applications with remarkable adaptability to external stimuli and dynamic responsiveness. This study introduces a 4D printing method for liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) composites with continuous fibers and unveils their multifunctional actuation and exciting mechanical responses. During the printing process, the relative motion between the continuous fiber and LCE resin generates shear force to align mesogens and enable the monodomain state of the matrix materials. The printed composite lamina exhibits reversible folding deformations that are programmable by controlling printing parameters. With the incorporation of fiber reinforcement, the LCE composites not only demonstrate high actuation forces but also improved energy absorption and protection capabilities. Diverse shape-changing configurations of 4D composite structures can be achieved by tuning the printing pathway. Moreover, the incorporation of conductive fibers into the LCE matrix enables electrically induced shape morphing in the printed composites. Overall, this cost-effective 4D printing method is poised to serve as an accessible and influential approach when designing diverse applications of LCE composites, particularly in the realms of soft robotics, wearable electronics, artificial muscles, and beyond.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.