ArticleBJGP open2025
Antibiotic prescribing intensity and community UTI resistance: a cross-sectional ecological study.
Article in BJGP open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Observational Study on the Management of Children with Systemic Diseases During Dental Treatment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhancing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and research: a systematic scoping review on the possibilities, yield and methods of data linkage studies.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic overuse is associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is unclear whether community AMR is driven by overall antibiotic use or by high levels of repeated (intense) use by individual patients.
aimTo determine the association between high antibiotic prescribing intensity (all antibiotic prescriptions; any indication), and rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) resistance among patients within small communities. DESIGN &
settingRepeated cross-sectional ecological analysis of geographical areas (population averaging 1500) from 2012-2015 using anonymised primary care data and urine cultures.
methodFor each area, we compared the percentage of patients prescribed antibiotics who received≥5 prescriptions over 3 years or≥4 prescriptions over 1 year, with subsequent or same year UTI resistance rates. We also compared Average Daily Quantities (ADQ) of all antibiotics prescribed, with UTI resistance rates, per year, per area. Results were adjusted for covariates and analysed at area level using mixed effects logistic regression.
resultsOf 196 513 patients prescribed antibiotics in 69 areas, 16% were prescribed intensively (≥5 prescriptions in 3 years), receiving almost 30% of prescriptions. Of 12 308 confirmed UTI specimens (80%
conclusionWe found no relationship between concurrent high intensity 'any' antibiotic prescribing, and UTI resistance rates in small urban communities, pre-COVID-19. Individual patient use of multiple antibiotics, even at high intensity, may not be an independent risk factor for community UTI resistance.
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