Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2024
Phase 2 Trial of Regorafenib in Recurrent/Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Immunohistochemical Analysis of Potential Therapeutic Targets PRAME, FOLR1, and CLDN18.2 in Salivary Gland Carcinomas.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Systemic Therapy for Salivary Gland Cancers: A Review of Targeted and Chemotherapeutic Approaches.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Role of radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- A case report of adenoid cystic carcinoma combined with giant renal metastasis treated with robotic surgery.Discover oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThere is a significant need for effective therapies to treat recurrent/metastatic (R/M) adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). This study evaluated the multitargeted VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) regorafenib in patients with R/M ACC. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients with progressive R/M ACC were treated with regorafenib until disease progression, consent withdrawal, or excessive toxicity. The co-primary endpoints were best overall response and 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Genomic and transcriptomic biomarker analyses were performed in tumors from trial participants.
resultsThirty-eight patients were enrolled, including 7 (18%) patients with prior VEGFR TKIs. No objective responses were observed. The 6-month PFS was 45%, and the median PFS was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval, 5.2-11.9 months). The presence of either activating NOTCH1 (22%) or KDM6A alterations (24%) was associated with decreased PFS [HR 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-6.1; P = 0.03]. Bulk RNA sequencing of pretreatment tumors revealed that regorafenib clinical benefit (CB; PFS ≥ 6 months; n = 11) was associated with the native enrichment of immune-related signatures. Immune deconvolution revealed a greater degree of macrophage and T-cell infiltration in CB tumors. Tumors from patients with no clinical benefit (NCB; PFS < 6 months; n = 9) had greater expression of signatures related to cell-cycle progression (E2F targets, G2-M checkpoint).
conclusionsThe trial failed to meet the prespecified 6-month PFS and best overall response targets. We hypothesize that TKI efficacy may be reliant upon an interplay between kinase inhibition and the ACC immune microenvironment, whereas programs promoting cell-cycle progression may contribute to TKI resistance. These observations suggest that trials evaluating CDK4/6 inhibition plus a VEGFR TKI should be considered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.