Sintilimab-induced myocarditis suspected in a patient with esophageal cancer and followed septic shock: case report and literature review.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a prevalent tool in anti-tumor therapy in recent years. They may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including potentially life-threatening cardiovascular toxicities such as myocarditis. Case presentation: In this report, we describe a 69-year-old man with recurrent esophageal cancer who developed myocarditis after receiving three cycles of sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel. Despite a rising cardiac troponin I (cTnI), he initially reported no discomfort. He was later suspected of having with sintilimab-induced myocarditis. Although treatment with methylprednisolone reduced his cTnI levels, he still experienced significant discomfort. Moreover, he developed pneumonia and septic shock. Conclusion: In our literature search to identify all reported cases of sintilimab-associated adverse events involving myocarditis, we found 14 patients, including those with esophageal cancer, thymoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, hepatobiliary carcinoma, and chordoma. The primary treatment for ICI-induced cardiotoxicity is methylprednisolone. However, the long-term or high-dose use of steroids can also induce side effects, which have not been the focus of these case reports. This is the first reported case of asymptomatic immune-mediated myocarditis occurring during the treatment of esophageal cancer with sintilimab. It is also the first to address the side effects of methylprednisolone used in the treatment of sintilimab-related myocarditis. To facilitate an early diagnosis, regular monitoring is required during sintilimab treatment. We should also focus on the prevention and management of adverse effects related to steroid use.