ArticleCureus2024
Ex Vivo Irritation Evaluation of a Novel Brimonidine Nanoemulsion Using the Hen's Egg Test on Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM).
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Formulation development and preclinical assessment of ethyl acetate fraction of Saraca asoca (EASA) flowers for cataract management.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effective Brain Targeting Using the Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Stearylamine-Coated Cationic Phyto-Microemulsions Enhance Resveratrol Ocular Delivery for Glaucoma Therapy: Experimental and Preclinical Insights.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Development of Brimonidine-Loaded Ethosomes for Glaucoma: Investigation of Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Potential In Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-enabled delivery of plant-derived bioactive metabolites for diabetic retinopathy: from evidence appraisal to preclinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Olive leaf extract as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial additive in biodegradable PLA film and its potential utilization in active packaging.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the safety profile of a metal-based nanosystem for developing antimicrobial polymer membranes in healthcare applications.Nanoscale advances · 2025Article
- Conjugation ofPharmaceutics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay is a cost-effective and well-validated, non-animal-based MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this study, surfactant-cosurfactant blends were prepared by mixing Tween 80 (surfactant) and propylene glycol (cosurfactant) in a 4:1(v/v) ratio. Triacetin served as the oil phase, while deionized water was used as the aqueous phase. Using the drop method, a range of NE formulations (F1, F2, F3, FB1, FB2, and FB3) were developed and subsequently evaluated for their potential to irritate, and then the results were compared to those of a commercially available BR eye drop formulation.
resultsAccording to the average cumulative HET-CAM test scores (IS), from excipients, propylene glycol caused moderate irritation by causing slight damage to blood vessels. The formulations FB1 and F1 were found to have the highest level of irritation among other formulations in the investigation, recording 1.05 ±0.07 and 1.2 ±0.10, respectively. All other NE formulations exhibited non-irritating potential, as confirmed by the HET-CAM test, and were comparable to the marketed BR eye drop formulation.
conclusionThe NE formulations created for BR were determined to be safe and non-irritating. The findings indicate that the prepared NE could be a beneficial solution for addressing problems with conventional eye drops and delivering BR effectively to the eyes.
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