Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39350700›Full record

ReviewActa psychiatrica Scandinavica2025

Suicide methods and severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

M Trott, S Suetani, U Arnautovska, S Kisely, M Kar Ray, T Theodoros, V Le, S Leske, M Lu, R Soole and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

M TrottUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-3407
S SuetaniPhysical and Mental Health Research Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-5691
U ArnautovskaUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
S KiselyUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-2924
M Kar RayUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
T TheodorosMetro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
V LeUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
S LeskeUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
M LuUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
R SooleUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
N WarrenUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
D SiskindUQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2072-9216

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council GNT1194635
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) have a higher risk of suicide compared with the general population. However, variations in suicide methods between people with different SMIs have not been examined. The aim of this pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42022351748) systematic review was to pool the odds of people with SMI who die by suicide versus those with no SMI, stratified by suicide method.

methodsSearches were conducted on December 11, 2023 across PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Embase. Eligible studies were those that reported suicide deaths stratified by SMI and suicide methods. Studies were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis, and risk of bias was measured by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.

resultsAfter screening, 12 studies were eligible (n = 380,523). Compared with those with no SMI, people with schizophrenia had 3.38× higher odds of jumping from heights (95% CI: 2.08-5.50), 1.93× higher odds of drowning (95% CI: 1.50-2.48). People with bipolar disorder also had 3.2× higher odds of jumping from heights (95% CI: 2.70-3.78). Finally, people with major depression had 3.11× higher odds of drug overdose (95% CI: 1.53-6.31), 2.11× higher odds of jumping from heights (95% CI: 1.93-2.31), and 2.33× lower odds of dying by firearms (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33-0.56). No studies were classified as high risk of bias, and no outcomes had high levels of imprecision or indirectness.

conclusionThese findings could inform lethal means counselling practices in this population. Additionally individual, clinical, community and public health interventions for people with SMI should prioritise, where feasible, means restriction including access to heights or drugs to overdose.

Indexed as

bipolardepressionmental healthschizophreniasuicide

Identifiers

PMID39350700
PMCPMC11884913

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.