ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2024
The epidemiology and outcomes of hospitalized drowning in Thai children: a national data analysis 2015-2019.
Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial characteristics and risk factors in PICU with freshwater drowning-associated pneumonia.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical factors associated with mortality in pediatric seawater drowning: a 13-year emergency department experience from a Turkish coastal province.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Factors associated with survival after pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: A national database analysis 2015-2022.PloS one · 2026Article
- A novel model for early prediction of in-hospital mortality in seawater drowning: the SNOP score.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Pediatric near-drownings: clinical insights and prediction of life-threatening events.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Morbidity and mortality of pediatric drowning in Qatar: an epidemiological analysis of submersion encounters at a level I pediatric trauma center.Annals of Saudi medicineObservational
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Abstract
backgroundDrowning remains a common cause of death among children. However, the epidemiology and impact of drowning in Thailand was underexplored. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of pediatric drowning in Thailand and to determine the factors associated with the need for intubation and mortality.
methodsData derived from the Thai healthcare delivery system for the period between 2015 and 2019 were used to examine the monthly admissions, mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and the number of patients who received endotracheal intubation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors associated with the need for intubation and mortality.
resultsOf the 4,911, 58.8% were under six years old, 63.5% were male, and 31.2% were from the Northeastern region. The majority drowned during April, which is the summer season in Thailand. Among these patients, 28.8% required intubation, with the highest proportion found in the 6-<12 years age group (35.9%). The independent risk factors for intubation were metabolic acidosis (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 9.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.14-13.29; p < 0.001) and pulmonary edema (aOR 5.82; 95%CI 3.92-8.65; p < 0.001). The overall mortality rate due to drowning was 12.6%. Factors significantly associated with mortality included in-hospital cardiac arrest (aOR 4.43; 95%CI 2.78-7.06; p < 0.001), and the presence of drowning-related complications, particularly renal failure (aOR 7.13; 95%CI 3.93-12.94; p < 0.001).
conclusionDrowning admissions and mortality were highest among male children under six years old, occurring mainly during the summer season. Significant factors associated with intubation requirement included metabolic acidosis and pulmonary edema. The mortality was significantly associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest and drowning-related complications, particularly renal failure.
trial registrationThis is an observational study, does not include any intervention, and has therefore not been registered.
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