SynthesisInternational orthopaedics2024
The efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Tennis Elbow: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Synthesis in International orthopaedics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-Biologic Injections in Sports Medicine.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2026Review
- A Literature Review of Lateral Epicondylitis: Diagnosis, Risk Factors, Management and Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aims to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) in treating tennis elbow.
methodsWe systematically reviewed the literature and included full-text randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published until June 2024, available in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Eligible studies involved patients with tennis elbow and compared BT-A with placebo or other injectable treatments. Primary outcomes included pain relief, while secondary outcomes assessed quality of life, adverse effects, and grip strength. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
resultsSeven RCTs with a total of 381 patients were included. The participants were predominantly middle-aged (mean age 46.64 ± 7.72 years) and diagnosed with chronic tennis elbow. BT-A doses ranged from 20U to 60U. Compared to placebo, BT-A effectively reduced pain at two to four weeks (MD = -1.37; 95% CI = -2.18 to -0.57) and at eight to 12 weeks (MD = -1.13; 95% CI = -1.62 to -0.65). Grip strength was comparable between the BT-A and placebo groups at both time points (2 to 4 weeks: SMD = -0.86; 95% CI -1.78 to 0.05; 8 to 12 weeks: SMD = 0.00; 95% CI = -0.95 to 0.95).
conclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that BT-A reduces pain in tennis elbow within two to 12 weeks compared to placebo. Findings are limited by study size, and further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.