ReviewInfection and immunity2024
The human gut microbiome in health and disease: time for a new chapter?
Review in Infection and immunity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Correlation Between Carbohydrate Loading Diet and Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary conjugated linoleic acid enhances resistance toGut microbes · 2026Article
- Disentangling the gut microbiome and inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases: longitudinal observations from the IBSEN III study.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Article
- Intermittent Fasting and the Gut Microbiota: Mechanisms Linking Microbial Remodeling to Metabolic and Immune Regulation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Gut microbial signatures across nutritional status in Indian school-aged children: a qPCR-based case-control study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Fast and reliable association discovery in large-scale microbiome studies and meta-analyses using PALM.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut metabolite TMAO and its structural analogs bind to fibrinogen thereby enhancing clot formation: a rationale for atherosclerosis risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dead but not gone: the interplay between the programmed cell death process and surrounding bacteria.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis in PCOS: from pathogenesis to microbiome-targeted therapies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Bifidobacterium- and Escherichia-dominant ecological guilds shape altered microbial metabolic capacity of the gut microbiome in tuberculosis patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Community series in epigenetics in the microbiome-host crosstalk: from mechanisms to therapeutics, volume II.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis and functional alterations inGut microbes reports · 2026Article
- Cross sectional analysis of gut microbiota of ALS patients with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Uterine microbiota dynamics and new therapeutic opportunities in gynecological diseases.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Bacterial clusters are associated with the risk of severe disease progression in inflammatory bowel disease irrespective of conventional disease categories.Microbiome research reports · 2026Article
- Environmental pollutants and the gut microbiota: mechanistic links from exposure to systemic disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Addressing Unmet Needs inCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Engineering the holobiont: Synthetic biology strategies for reversing bioenergetic collapse in radiation enteritis.AIMS microbiology · 2026Review
- Brush border intermicrovillar adhesion limits bacteria attachment to the small intestine brush border.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Driven Immune Dysregulation Along the Gut-Lung-Vascular Axis in Asthma and Atherosclerosis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The gut microbiome, composed of the colonic microbiota and their host environment, is important for many aspects of human health. A gut microbiome imbalance (gut dysbiosis) is associated with major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Despite the central part our gut microbiome plays in health and disease, mechanisms that maintain homeostasis and properties that demarcate dysbiosis remain largely undefined. Here we discuss that sorting taxa into meaningful ecological units reveals that the availability of respiratory electron acceptors, such as oxygen, in the host environment has a dominant influence on gut microbiome health. During homeostasis, host functions that limit the diffusion of oxygen into the colonic lumen shelter a microbial community dominated by primary fermenters from atmospheric oxygen. In turn, primary fermenters break down unabsorbed nutrients into fermentation products that support host nutrition. This symbiotic relationship is disrupted when host functions that limit the luminal availability of host-derived electron acceptors become weakened. The resulting changes in the host environment drive alterations in the microbiota composition, which feature an elevated abundance of facultatively anaerobic microbes. Thus, the part of the gut microbiome that becomes imbalanced during dysbiosis is the host environment, whereas changes in the microbiota composition are secondary to this underlying cause. This shift in our understanding of dysbiosis provides a novel starting point for therapeutic strategies to restore microbiome health. Such strategies can either target the microbes through metabolism-based editing or strengthen the host functions that control their environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.