ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2024
The Distribution and Influence Factors of Non-Invasive Tear Film Break-Up Time in Children.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Non-Invasive Break-Up Time in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort Study (ADEC): A Cross-Sectional Baseline Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- The Distribution and Influence Factors of Non-Invasive Tear Film Break-Up Time in Children [Letter].Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Meibomian gland atrophy in children with allergic conjunctivitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To explore the distribution and influence factors of non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT) in children. Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Spherical equivalent error (SER) was measured with cycloplegia. NIBUT was measured by an ocular surface integrated analyzer. Results: A total of 1269 children (1269 eyes) were included in this study. Participants' median age was 11 (range 6-18) years. 47.1% (598/1269) of participants were boys. The median NIBUT of myopic children and non-myopic children were 9.9 seconds (s) (Inter-quartile range, IQR: 6.4 to 16.1) and 10.9 s (IQR: 8.8 to 17.9), respectively, which was statistically significant (p = 0.004). In myopic children, 49.9% (573/1148) were able to achieve NIBUT of 10 s or more, compared to 67.8% (82/121) in non-myopic children, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There were 41 (3.57%) children in the myopic group and none (0%) in the non-myopic group with dry eye disease (p = 0.028). There was a positive correlation between NIBUT and age: NIBUT = 9.256 + 0.352*Age. 71.8% (824/1148) of myopic children used electronic products almost every day, compared to 37.2% (45/121) of non-myopic children, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The NIBUT of myopic children was significantly shorter than that of non-myopic children. Children with myopia are more likely to have dry eyes. NIBUT increases with age. High frequency of electronic product use may be an important cause to NIBUT shortening in children.
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