ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Immune checkpoint pathways in glioblastoma: a diverse and evolving landscape.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunological Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Targeting T and NK Cells for Enhanced Diagnosis and Prognosis.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2026Review
- The dynamic myeloid-enriched microenvironment of glioblastoma: a major challenge to immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Natural killer cell dysfunction in glioma: from immune evasion to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hypoxic Endothelial-Cell-Derived Exosomal lnc-DKK3 Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages via USP47/PD-L1/RelA Axis to Promote Glioma Progression.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune checkpoints in immune response to glioma: two sides of the same coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Emerging insights into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and its implications for glioblastoma immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) inhibition in glioblastoma (GBM) has not shown promising results in the last decade compared to other solid tumors. Several factors contributing to the lack of immunotherapy response include the profound immunosuppressive nature of GBM, highly redundant signaling pathways underlying immune checkpoints, and the negative immunogenic impact of current standard of care on the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss various ICs in the context of GBM, their interplay with the tumor immune microenvironment, relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies, and the impact of current treatment modalities on GBM IC blockade therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive ICs, and how they contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is critical in advancing IC inhibition therapy in GBM. Furthermore, revisiting current treatment modalities and their impact on the immune landscape is instrumental in designing future combinatorial therapies that may overcome treatment resistance.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.