ArticleJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences2024
Comparison Between the Conventional and Electronic Smoking Effects on Periodontal Health-A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Status Among Users of Different Inhaled Tobacco and Nicotine Products: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- E-cigarettes and periodontal health: current evidence and research gaps.Brazilian oral research · 2026Review
- Electronic cigarette use and periodontal tissue damage: a scoping review and an evidence-informed conceptual framework.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the adverse effect of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarette smoking on periodontal health. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants were split into two groups of 30 each (Group A-traditional cigarettes and Group B-e-cigarette smokers). Socio-demographic data, smoking, and oral health status were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. Gingival index (GI), Russell's periodontal index, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded in patients of both the groups. Results: The mean GI (1.79), periodontal index (5.92), and CAL (3.44) were higher in patients using traditional cigarettes than e-cigarettes. The questionnaire revealed that patients using traditional cigarettes had bleeding gums (32.22%), pus in the gums (39.22%), extracted teeth due to mobility (59.65%), discolored tooth (89.66%), and tongue (71.76%), which was more than e-cigarette smokers. Conclusion: E-cigarette smokers have similar adverse effects on the periodontal tissues but are less as compared to normal cigarette smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.