ArticleNPJ digital medicine2024
An indirect treatment comparison meta-analysis of digital versus face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for headache.
Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tele-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetes-Related Distress in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Prescription-Based Mobile Digital Therapeutic as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy for the Acute Phase of Panic Disorder: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- A Prescribed Digital Health App and Number of Migraine Days: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Gender, headache frequency, and headache intensity predict psychosocial functioning and quality of life in a sample of United States combat veterans.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Unveiling state-specific neural dynamics in migraine with and without depressive symptom: a hidden Markov model and interpretable machine learning approach.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Integrative Migraine Therapy: From Current Concepts to Future Directions-A Plastic Surgeon's Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- The effectiveness of digital therapeutics for rehabilitation of urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Digital healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for headache disorders. However, it is unclear whether the emerging digital CBT is noninferior to face-to-face CBT. An indirect treatment comparison (ITC) meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relative effects between them using standard mean differences (SMDs). Effective sample size (ESS) and required sample size (RSS) were calculated to demonstrate the robustness of the results. Our study found that digital CBT had a similar effect on headache frequency reduction (SMD, 0.12; 95%CI, -2.45 to 2.63) compared with face-to-face CBT. The ESS had 84 participants, while the RSS had 466 participants to achieve the same power as a non-inferior head-to-head trial. Digital CBT is as effective as face-to-face CBT in preventing headache disorders. Due to the heterogeneity (I
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.