ArticleCancer cell international2024
Pan-cancer analysis reveals that TK1 promotes tumor progression by mediating cell proliferation and Th2 cell polarization.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between thymidine kinase 1 and clinicopathological high-risk features in breast cancer.Medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic variation and proliferation-promoting virulence function of thymidine kinase from Paulownia witches' broom phytoplasma.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- SQLE as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LIHC: a multi-cohort and spatial study.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D attenuates the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting thymidine kinase 1/PFKFB3-driven glycolysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Modulating tumor-associated macrophages through APP-CD74 blockade with IL4R-exosomes synergizes with PD-1 inhibition in gastric cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Nucleotide salvage, genome instability, and potential therapeutic applications.Nucleic acids research · 2026Review
- Acetylated Pyrimidine Metabolism Genes as Prognostic Markers and Their Influence on Immune Profiles in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Human mutation · 2026Article
- Real-World Plasma Thymidine Kinase Activity in High-Risk and Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors.JCO precision oncology · 2026Observational
- TK1 in gastric cancer: Helicobacter pylori-driven oncogenesis biomarker, utility, and emerging targeted therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- SPDL1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and immune status in HCC through in vitro experiment and bioinformatics analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- ECM characterization and 3D bioprinted models of NSCLC for investigating stiffness-dependent tumor behavior and drug response.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Thymidine kinase 1 related to Prolif-like T cells promoted GBM through regulation of cell cycle and EMT signals: a comprehensive research based on multi-omics analysis and experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification of BIRC5 and HMMR as prognostic biomarkers for immune infiltration in prostate cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTK1 (Thymidine kinase 1) is a member of the thymidine kinase family and has been observed to be significantly upregulated in a variety of cancer types. However, the exact roles of TK1 in tumor progression and the tumor immune microenvironment are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the comprehensive involvement of TK1 in pan-cancer through the utilization of bioinformatics analysis, validation of pathological tissue samples, and in vitro experimental investigations.
methodsThe expression profiles together with diagnostic and prognostic role of TK1 in pan-cancer were investigated though TCGA, TARGET, GTEx, and CPTAC databases. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and single-cell sequencing datasets were used to examine the relationship between TK1 and immune infiltration. The expression of TK1 were verified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical assays. The proliferative capacity of HCC cell lines was assessed through CCK-8 and colony formation assays, while cytokine levels were measured via ELISA. Furthermore, flow cytometry was utilized to analyze cell cycle distribution and the proportions of Th2 cells.
resultsTK1 was overexpressed in most cancers and demonstrated significant diagnostic and prognostic value. Among the various immune cells in pan-cancer, Th2 cells exhibited the closest association with TK1. Furthermore, the single-cell atlas provided insights into the distribution and proportion of TK1 in immune cells of HCC. In vitro experiments revealed an elevated expression of TK1 in HCC tissue and cell lines, and its role in influencing HCC cell proliferation by regulating G0/G1 phase arrest. Additionally, TK1 in cancer cells was found to potentially modulate Th2 cell polarization through the chemokine CCL5.
conclusionTK1 holds immense potential as a biomarker for pan-cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, targeting the expression of TK1 represents a promising therapeutic approach that can enhance the efficacy of current anti-tumor immunotherapy by modulating Th2 cell polarization and multiple mechanisms.
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