ReviewGut microbes
Bacterial extracellular vesicles at the interface of gut microbiota and immunity.
Review in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Microbial extracellular vesicles from min pigs remodel macrophage polarization via STING to sustain intestinal immune homeostasis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Small RNAs From Clostridium Butyricum Modulate Host Intestinal Lipid Metabolism.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Bacterial small RNAs and extracellular vesicles in inflammatory and osteoimmune diseases: regulatory mechanisms and host-microbe communication.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms of Immune Modulation and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Gut Microbiome-Circadian Axis in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Live AirwayEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- The associations of human genetic variations with airway microbiome, environmental exposures, and respiratory health.mSystems · 2026Article
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Axis in Alveolar Stem Cell Regeneration and Lung Repair.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: bridging microbial-host crosstalk in metabolic disorders.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles: emerging players in antimicrobial resistance and clinical translation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms of virulence in Enterococcus faecium: integrating Esp, Acm, regulatory RNA networks in multidrug resistant nosocomial infections.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Optimization of Production Conditions for Extracellular Vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei LH23 Using Response Surface Methodology: Enhancement of Yield and Exploration of Stability, Safety, and Anti-inflammatory Capacity.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Microbe-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers for Doxorubicin Delivery to Colorectal Cancer Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Diagnostic Tools in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles in Skin Tissue Regeneration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Gut-derived small extracellular vesicles support trained innate immune tolerance in murine microglial cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Probiotic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Nano-Immunotherapeutic Platforms in IBD: A Clinician's Perspective.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as central mediators of microbiota-host communication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nano-sized lipid-shielded structures released by bacteria and that play an important role in intercellular communication. Their broad taxonomic origins and varying cargo compositions suggest their active participation in significant biological mechanisms. Specifically, they are involved in directly modulating microbial ecosystems, competing with other organisms, contributing to pathogenicity, and influencing the immunity of their hosts. This review examines the mechanisms that underlie the modulatory effects of BEVs on gut dynamics and immunity. Understanding how BEVs modulate microbiota composition and functional imbalances is crucial, as gut dysbiosis is implicated not only in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal, metabolic, and neurological diseases, but also in reducing resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens, which is particularly concerning given the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. This review summarizes recent advancements in the field of BEVs to encourage further research into these enigmatic entities. This will facilitate a better understanding of intra- and interkingdom communication phenomena and reveal promising therapeutic approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.