ReviewVaccines2024
Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review of the Literature.
Review in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Seroconversion Rates Following COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Longitudinal humoral and memory B-cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in long-term care facilities residents.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Immune Evasion: Mapping the Future of Vaccine Design.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Protective Effectiveness of Sars-Cov-2 Infection Risk Among Hybrid, Vaccine, and Infection-induced Immunity Against the Omicron Variant, K-Serosmart.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly olive oil intake, and metabolic health parameters are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced IgG responses.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Hybrid immunity from bivalent vaccination and prior infection enhances humoral and innate protection against Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1.1 variants in Japan.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A narrative review of heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and vaccine efficacy: strategizing pandemic preparedness in Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Hybrid immunity strategies: heterologous vaccination combined with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Observational
- Quantification of the IgG antibody response half-life for hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Herd Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Among the Armenian Population in the Second Half of 2022.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The immunological impact of revaccination in a hybrid-immune world.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global health crisis and the burden of the disease continues to persist. The rapid development and emergency authorization of various vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines, played a pivotal role in mitigating severe illness and mortality. However, rapid viral mutations, leading to several variants of concern, challenged vaccine effectiveness, particularly concerning immune evasion. Research on immunity, both from natural infection and vaccination, revealed that while neutralizing antibodies provide protection against infection, their effect is short-lived. The primary defense against severe COVID-19 is derived from the cellular immune response. Hybrid immunity, developed from a combination of natural infection and vaccination, offers enhanced protection, with convalescent vaccinated individuals showing significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, understanding the durability and breadth of hybrid immunity becomes crucial. This narrative review examines the latest data on humoral and cellular immunity from both natural infection and vaccination, discussing how hybrid immunity could inform and optimize future vaccination strategies in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and in fear of a new pandemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.