ReviewVaccines2024
Effectiveness of EV-A71 Vaccine and Its Impact on the Incidence of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review.
Review in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors for Reinfection of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China, Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Historical evolution, research hotspots and emerging trends of pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease: a bibliometric worldview since the 21st century.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Standardized neutralizing antibody assay for Coxsackievirus A10 in clinical trial: A framework for multivalent hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccine evaluation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Real-world effectiveness of EV-A71 vaccine against encephalitis in children.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of enterovirus A identified in pediatric patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpangina in Linyi, China, 2023-2024, following the relaxation of COVID-19 policies.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cutaneous-Tropism Viruses: Unraveling Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Immunoprophylactic Strategies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A CRISPR/Cas12a-based reverse transcription multiple cross displacement amplification technique for sensitive, rapid, and highly specific detection ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Economic evaluation of including the EV71 vaccine in the national immunization program: a modeling study in Guangxi, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Post-EV71 vaccination outcomes in meningoencephalitis: no increased clinical severity compared with other enterovirus subtypes in a single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of enterovirus A71 vaccine effectiveness against pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 virus in Tianjin, China, 2016-2023: A test-negative design case-control study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
- Temporal phylodynamics of Coxsackievirus A6 VP1 in Shenzhen (2022-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Enterovirus A71 priorities, challenges, and future opportunities in humoral immunity and vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination is a highly effective strategy for the prevention of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71)-hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Three inactivated EV-A71 vaccines in China have demonstrated remarkable efficacy against EV-A71-HFMD during clinical trials, exhibiting vaccine effectiveness (VE) exceeding 90% and few adverse events (AEs). However, the effectiveness of vaccines in the real world and its impact on the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD after the use of EV-A71 inactivated vaccine are uncertain.
methodsThe odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence (CI) were used as the effect estimates of the meta-analysis in the test-negative design (TND), and the OR was used to calculate VE: VE = (1 - OR) × 100%.
resultsAccording to the literature search strategy, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (including Chinese Science Citation Database and MEDLINE), and Embase, and 18 records were ultimately included in this study. Subsequently, the overall VE and 95% CI of different vaccine doses were analyzed, with the one-dose vaccine at 66.9% (95% CI: 45.2-80.0%) and the two-dose vaccine at 84.2% (95% CI: 79.4-87.9%). Additionally, the most reported AEs were mild general reactions without any rare occurrences. Simultaneously, the widespread use of the EV-A71 vaccine would lead to a reduction in both the incidence of EV-A71-associated HFMD and severe cases caused by EV-A71.
conclusionThe administration of the two-dose EV-A71 vaccine is highly effective in preventing HFMD in the real world, and the widespread use of the EV-A71 vaccine leads to a reduction in the incidence of EV-A71-associated HFMD and that of severe cases caused by EV-A71. The findings suggest that administering the two-dose EV-A71 inactivated vaccine to children aged 6 months to 71 months can be effective in preventing EV-A71-associated HFMD, highlighting the need for developing a multivalent HFMD vaccine for preventing cases not caused by EV-A71.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.