ArticleVaccines2024
On the Path to Measles and Rubella Elimination Following Rubella-Containing Vaccine Introduction, 2000-2023, Namibia.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Insights from 25 Years of Measles and Measles-Rubella Vaccination Campaigns in the WHO African Region (2001-2025).Vaccines · 2026Article
- Progress towards measles and rubella elimination in Eswatini by 2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 era sero-surveillance of anti-measles IgM and IgG antibodies among asymptomatic Tanzanian children aged 3 to 15 years Journal.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- The evolving landscape of rubella in the WHO African Region.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- New approaches to measles eradication, with special reference to Africa.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThe WHO Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework 2021-2030 within the Immunization Agenda 2030 includes both measles and rubella elimination goals and provides guidance to countries for planning and implementing the measles and rubella elimination strategies. Namibia has been implementing measles elimination strategies since 1997.
methodsWe reviewed and described the implementation of measles and rubella elimination strategies and the programmatic and epidemiological situation in Namibia during 2000-2023. Namibia introduced a rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) in 2016 as a combined measles-rubella (MR) vaccine using a MR catch-up campaign, targeting a wide age range based on detailed analysis and triangulation of multiple key data sources including MR vaccination coverage, MR case-based surveillance, detailed measles outbreak investigations, and serosurveys.
resultsIn 2020, estimated MCV1 coverage in Namibia reached 90% and has been sustained at 91% in 2021 and 2022. MCV2 was introduced in 2016, and the estimated MCV2 coverage has steadily increased to 79% in 2022. Following the MCV2 introduction and the implementation of the wide age range MR catch-up campaign in 2016, annual measles and rubella incidence decreased substantially. During 2017-2023, the period following the implementation of the catch-up MR vaccination SIA in 2016, average annual measles incidence per million population in Namibia decreased by 97% from the average during 2010-2016. Similarly, the average annual rubella incidence decreased by 95% from 2010-2016 to 2017-2023. DISCUSSION: Successful implementation of the 2016 wide age range campaign and maintaining high routine immunization coverage likely led to the significant reduction in measles and rubella incidence in Namibia. To sustain the reduction in measles and rubella incidence and attain the elimination targets, Namibia needs to attain and maintain high routine immunization coverage with both doses of the MR vaccine and implement timely and high-quality periodic MR follow-up SIAs. High-quality elimination-standard measles and rubella surveillance will help guide strategies and serve as the basis for the eventual verification of measles and rubella elimination in Namibia according to the WHO-recommended framework.
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